پرومتیم
61
Pm
گروه
قابل تغییر
تناوب
6
بلوک
f
پروتون ها
الکترون ها
نوترون ها
61
61
84
ویژگیهای عمومی
عدد اتمی
61
عدد جرمی
[۱۴۵]
عدد جرمی
145
دسته
لانتانیدها
رنگ
نقره ای
رادیو اکتیو
بلی
Named after the Greek Prometheus, who, according to mythology, stole fire from heaven
ساختار کریستالی
قابل تغییر
تاریخچه
The existence of an element between neodymium and samarium was first predicted by Czech chemist Bohuslav Brauner in 1902.
Promethium was first produced and characterized at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1945 by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell.
It was produced by the separation and analysis of the fission products of uranium fuel irradiated in a graphite reactor.
Promethium was first produced and characterized at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1945 by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell.
It was produced by the separation and analysis of the fission products of uranium fuel irradiated in a graphite reactor.
الکترون های هر لایه
2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2
ساختار الکترونی
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Promethium is the only lanthanide that has no stable isotopes
خواص فیزیکی
جنس
جامد
چگالی
۷٫۲۶ g/cm3
نقطه ذوب
۱۳۱۵٫۱۵ K ۱۰۴۲ | °C ۱۹۰۷٫۶ °F
نقطه جوش
۳۲۷۳٫۱۵ K ۳۰۰۰ | °C ۵۴۳۲ °F
گرمای همجوشی
۷٫۷ kJ/mol
گرمای تبخیر
۲۹۰ kJ/mol
ظرفیت گرمایی ویژه
-
فراوانی در پوسته زمین
قابل تغییر
فراوانی در جهان
قابل تغییر
اعتبار عکس: Wikimedia Commons (Geomartin)
Pitchblende, a uranium ore and the host for most of Earth's promethium
شماره ثبت سی‌ای‌اس
7440-12-2
عدد CID پاب کم(PubChem)
قابل تغییر
خواص اتمی
شعاع اتمی
۱۸۳ pm
شعاع کووالانسی
۱۹۹ pm
الکترونگاتیویته
-
پتانسیل یونیزاسیون
۵٫۵۸۲ eV
حجم اتمی
۲۲٫۳۹ cm3/mol
رسانایی گرما
۰٫۱۷۹ W/cm·K
حالات اکسید شدن
3
کاربرد ها
Promethium is also used in atomic batteries for spacecraft and guided missiles.
Promethium is also used to measure the thickness of materials by evaluating the amount of radiation from a promethium source that passes through the sample.
It has possible future uses in portable X-ray sources, and as auxiliary heat or power sources for space probes and satellites.
Promethium is also used to measure the thickness of materials by evaluating the amount of radiation from a promethium source that passes through the sample.
It has possible future uses in portable X-ray sources, and as auxiliary heat or power sources for space probes and satellites.
Promethium is harmful due to its radioactivity
ایزوتوپ ها
ایزوتوپ های پایدار
-ایزوتوپ های ناپایدار
126Pm, 127Pm, 128Pm, 129Pm, 130Pm, 131Pm, 132Pm, 133Pm, 134Pm, 135Pm, 136Pm, 137Pm, 138Pm, 139Pm, 140Pm, 141Pm, 142Pm, 143Pm, 144Pm, 145Pm, 146Pm, 147Pm, 148Pm, 149Pm, 150Pm, 151Pm, 152Pm, 153Pm, 154Pm, 155Pm, 156Pm, 157Pm, 158Pm, 159Pm, 160Pm, 161Pm, 162Pm, 163Pm